Concise dynamic model to accurately calculate the hydrogen yield during the reaction process

Estimation of hydrogen production rate and the total amount hydrogen during any reaction process require an accurate and concise dynamic model to describe the variation of hydrogen production rate with reaction time. There must be two comprehensive features of such model, the first one is that the hydrogen production rate calculated by this model is zero at the initial time is zero and the second one is that the integration of this model over time result in an explicit function. In this paper, we present a comprehensive model which meets above two requirements via amendments to the shifted logistic model. The model is validated against measured results through comparison of 25 experimental and theoretical hydrogen production rate. The experimentally validated model is used to calculate the total amount hydrogen during each reaction process. The impact of some experimental conditions on the total hydrogen production was mathematically explained for the first time, and this result reveal the excellent predictive ability of framework suggested in this paper. In addition, that is for an experimental condition history, predictions are achieved by developing a set of “secondary models” that describe some experimental conditions dependence of the “primary models” parameters. The method to obtain the parameters in “secondary models” described in this paper indicated that another major departure from the conventional models is the notion that the “secondary models” do not need to follow any preconceived formula and that they can be derived solely from the observed growth patterns. The presented framework can help the hydrogen production industry.     

Extended-state-observer-based dynamic surface control of flexible-joint robot systems with input saturation

This article presents an extended-state-observer-based dynamic surface control approach for flexible-joint robot systems with asymmetric input saturation and large unknown dynamic knowledge. Traditional controllers for flexible-joint robot systems usually use approximation technology to deal with unknown dynamics knowledge. Unlike the traditional control algorithm, this article utilizes an extended state observer to estimate the unknown dynamics. For the closed-loop system, the delay strategy handles the time-scale separation issue, the filtering system overcomes the “explosion of differentiation” caused by the repeated differentiation of auxiliary control signals, and the mean-value-theorem solves the input saturation problem of the actuator. The stability analysis implies that estimation errors of extended state observers (ESOs) and other state variables are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Compared with fuzzy control algorithms, the novel ESO-based dynamic surface control approach not only omits online learning time but also uses only a few control parameters to obtain satisfactory tracking performance. Finally, a comparison simulation experiment is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the gained conclusions.     

液相色谱—串联质谱法测定番茄和黄瓜中敌菌灵残留量

样品采用固相萃取小柱净化,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲酸水—乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经LC-MS/MS检测,以多反应监测模式检测目标化合物的特征离子进行定性定量分析。结果表明:该方法线性范围为0.1～10.0μg/mL,线性相关系数0.999 0,方法的检出限为0.01mg/kg,定量限为0.03mg/kg。在加标水平为0.03,0.10,0.50 mg/kg时,方法的回收率为88.3%～95.2%,RSD在4.5%～8.8%。该方法前处理方式简便、有机溶剂用量少、分析时间短、选择性好且灵敏度高,适用于番茄和黄瓜中敌菌灵的检测。     

以任意高维纠缠态为量子信道的受控隐形传态

目的是利用高维量子纠缠态为量子信道，讨论未知单粒子态的受控隐形传输问题。以三维量子纠缠态为信道，提出一个二维任意单粒子态的受控隐形传输协议。提出了以任意[d]-维量子纠缠态为量子信道，[t]-维任意单粒子态的隐形传输协议[(t相似文献   

Active disturbance rejection control to MIMO nonlinear systems with stochastic uncertainties: approximate decoupling and output-feedback stabilisation

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we apply the active disturbance rejection control, an emerging control technology, to output-feedback stabilisation for a class of uncertain multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with vast stochastic uncertainties. Two types of extended state observers (ESO) are designed to estimate both unmeasured states and stochastic total disturbance which includes unknown system dynamics, unknown stochastic inverse dynamics, external stochastic disturbance without requiring the statistical characteristics, uncertain nonlinear interactions between subsystems, and uncertainties caused by the deviation of control parameters from their nominal values. The estimations decouple approximately the system after cancelling stochastic total disturbance in the feedback loop. As a result, we are able to design an ESO-based stabilising output-feedback and prove the practical mean square stability for the closed-loop system with constant gain ESO and the asymptotic mean square stability with time-varying gain ESO, respectively. Some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed output-feedback control scheme.     

Nb5+掺杂对(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4O12陶瓷结构与电性能的影响

该文利用固相反应法制备了(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12 (x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07,0.10,0.15,0.20， 摩尔分数)陶瓷。借助X线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜研究了Nb5+的摩尔分数对(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4O12陶瓷的相结构及表面微观形貌的影响，借助高低温介电测试系统和阻抗测试仪获得了(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷电性能变化规律。结果表明，各组分(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷均为单相立方钙钛矿结构；Nb5+摩尔分数的增加可抑制(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷晶粒的生长并消除其晶粒异常长大；适量掺杂 Nb+能够有效提高(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷的晶界电阻，从而降低其介电损耗，且可提高(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷相对介电常数的温度稳定性。     

压水堆堆芯损伤评价系统研究与开发

堆芯损伤评价是反应堆事故后应急评价的重要组成部分。本文在国外文献基础上,结合国内的运行经验,对压水堆堆芯损伤评价进行研究,并开发了相应的软件程序。堆芯损伤评价包括基于堆芯裸露时间、在线监测仪表读数和取样分析数据三种方法。考虑应急实时要求、电厂实际情况与国际经验,本文采用了基于在线监测仪表读数的评价方法,该方法主要是基于堆芯热电偶读数与安全壳辐射监测仪表读数进行评价,其他监测仪表读数进行辅助合理性证实。     

Analyzing dissipation effects on the non-classicality witnessing by a qubit via the entangled state representation

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we study detection of the state non-classicality for a quantum harmonic oscillator by a qubit in the presence of dissipation effects. We show that dissipation can enhance the effectiveness of the method in case of using the corrected form of the related nonclassicality witness. Such an improvement is attributed to the fact that dissipation leads to probing a surface, instead of a curve, of the complex plane for non-classicality condition on normally-ordered characteristic function.     

PEO对固态锂电池正极/电解质界面的改性

在固态锂电池正极/氧化物电解质界面处引入聚氧化乙烯(PEO)缓冲层以改善固体接触。首先,用热压烧结法制备了密度为5.25 g·cm-3、锂离子电导率为8.33×10-4S·cm-4的Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12(LLZTO)固体电解质。其次,配制了PEO-LiTFSI-LLZTO缓冲层和LiFePO4复合正极浆料,用匀胶机旋涂法将PEO缓冲层和复合正极浆料依次涂覆在电解质表面,加热加压后显著改善界面接触,测得60℃下正极界面电阻值为509Ω·cm2。测试对称电池充/放电曲线证明界面稳定性良好,电池首次循环放电容量145.8 mAh·g-1,库伦效率大于97%。